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1.
Educ. med. super ; 37(2)jun. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1528536

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Hoy día se requiere formar a estudiantes de la carrera de medicina que sean competentes en el cumplimiento de sus funciones en los niveles de atención en salud. Como parte de las funciones que se deben desarrollar en el estudiante de medicina, se deben formar competencias para la prevención de la salud. Objetivo: Proponer una metodología para la formación de la competencia prevención de la salud en estudiantes de medicina durante el trabajo comunitario integral. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de tipo preexperimental. La población estuvo conformada por 669 estudiantes de tercer año de medicina de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín. De ellos se obtuvo una muestra de 100 estudiantes mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se emplearon la observación directa en el terreno y la Prueba de Rangos con Signos de Wilcoxon para constar la hipótesis de investigación. Resultados: Se aportó la competencia de prevención de la salud y la metodología para su formación en estudiantes de medicina durante el trabajo comunitario integral, así como los principales logros y deficiencias demostrados durante las acciones realizadas en la educación en el trabajo. Conclusiones: La competencia prevención de la salud forma parte del perfil de competencias laborales que singularizan a la formación de un médico general competente. Es de tipo genérica y requiere para su formación de la combinación de acciones instructivas, educativas y desarrolladoras desde las potencialidades del trabajo comunitario integral que realizan los estudiantes como parte del componente laboral de la carrera(AU)


Introduction: Nowadays, it is necessary to train medical students to be competent in the fulfillment of their functions at the healthcare levels. As part of the functions to be developed among medical students, health prevention competences should be developed. Objective: To propose a methodology for the formation of health prevention competences among medical students during comprehensive community work. Methods: A quantitative preexperimental study was carried out. The population consisted of 669 third-year medical students from Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín. A sample of 100 students was obtained by simple random sampling. Direct observation in the field and the Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test were used to verify the research hypothesis. Results: The health prevention competence and the methodology for its formation among medical students during comprehensive community work were provided, as well as were the main achievements and deficiencies shown during the actions carried out in education at work. Conclusions: The health prevention competence is part of the profile of occupational competences that singularize the training of a competent general practitioner. It is generic and requires. for its formation. the combination of instructive, educational and developmental actions from the potentialities of comprehensive community work performed by students as part of the occupational component of the major(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Preventive Health Services/methods , Professional Competence , Knowledge , Professional Training , Health Promotion/methods , Primary Prevention/education , Students, Medical , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods
2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1509234

ABSTRACT

Las vacunas SOBERANA®02 y SOBERANA® Plus contra el coronavirus tipo 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, recibieron autorización de uso en emergencia por la autoridad reguladora de Cuba, y de inmediato aconteció una campaña de vacunación masiva en población pediátrica, lo que devino en una inminente movilización de centros de vacunación y vigilancia de sus eventos adversos. El Centro de Inmunología Molecular realizó un estudio de farmacovigilancia intensiva que evalúo el cumplimiento del esquema heterólogo con ambas vacunas, su seguridad y la incidencia de casos positivos a COVID-19 en niños y adolescentes después de completar el esquema de inmunización. Desde el 15 de septiembre al 31 de diciembre del 2021, participaron 529 sujetos entre 2 y 18 años de edad, de ambos sexos, sin antecedentes de infección por coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, procedentes de 35 municipios y 12 provincias cubanas, quienes recibieron vacuna SOBERANA®02 (dos dosis) y SOBERANA®Plus (una dosis). Se realizó vigilancia de eventos adversos hasta 30 días después de la última dosis recibida. Se consultó la plataforma informática nacional Higia Andariego para identificar los casos positivos al virus del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2, hasta 3 meses de haber completado la vacunación. El 98,5 por ciento de los participantes completó el esquema de vacunación y en el 6,6 por ciento se notificó algún evento adverso con relación consistente a la vacunación. Predominaron las reacciones locales (dolor, eritema, inflamación), sobre las reacciones sistémicas (fatiga y febrícula), de intensidad ligera o moderada. Se logró un elevado cumplimiento del esquema de inmunización, con un perfil de seguridad favorable, los sujetos con esquema completo de inmunización no enfermaron de COVID-19(AU)


The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines, SOBERANA®02 and SOBERANA®Plus, received authorization for emergency use by the Cuban regulatory authority; a massive vaccination campaign was immediately launched in the pediatric population, which led to an imminent mobilization of vaccination centers and surveillance of adverse events. The Molecular Immunology Center conducted an intensive pharmacovigilance study to evaluate compliance of the heterologous scheme with both vaccines, their safety, and the incidence of COVID-19 positive cases in children and adolescents after completing the immunization schedule. From September 15 to December 31, 2021, a total of 529 subjects between 2 and 18 years of age, of both sexes, without a history of infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2, from 35 municipalities and 12 Cuban provinces, who received SOBERANA®02 (two doses) and SOBERANA®Plus (one dose) vaccines, were included in the study. Surveillance for adverse events was performed up to 30 days after the last dose received. The national computer platform Higia Andariego was consulted to identify positive cases for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 up to 3 months after completing vaccination. According to the report, 98.5percent of the participants completed the vaccination schedule and 6.6percent of them reported some adverse event consistently related to vaccination. Local reactions (pain, erythema, inflammation) prevailed over systemic reactions (fatigue and fever), of light or moderate intensity. High compliance with the immunization schedule was achieved, with a favorable safety profile; subjects with a complete immunization schedule did not become ill with COVID-19(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Preventive Health Services/methods , Mass Vaccination , COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , Cuba , Observational Study
3.
Educ. med. super ; 36(2)jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1404543

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las competencias específicas, igualmente llamadas técnicas o especializadas, tienen que ver con lo propio de determinadas ocupaciones. Designan aquellas relativas al campo disciplinario, de formación y de experiencia del participante. Son la base particular del ejercicio profesional y están vinculadas a condiciones específicas de ejecución. Objetivo: Determinar las competencias específicas del especialista de medicina general integral para enfrentar la conducta violenta. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal durante el primer semestre de 2020. Se desarrolló un trabajo de grupo con informantes clave que ofrecían atención especializada a las víctimas de situaciones violentas en el Centro Comunitario de Salud Mental del municipio Playa. Se aplicaron diferentes técnicas grupales, entre las que se destacaron: la tormenta y la escritura de ideas, las cuales, unidas a la experiencia y el conocimiento de cada participante, propiciaron el logro del objetivo propuesto. Resultados: Como principal aporte teórico se determinó un conjunto de competencias que permitieron al especialista de medicina general integral enfrentar las conductas violentas, orientadas esencialmente a la prevención y la detección temprana de esta compleja problemática de salud. Conclusiones: Resultó pertinente determinar un sistema de competencias, en términos de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes, que permitieran al especialista de medicina general integral enfrentar el comportamiento violento, al considerar que la asistencia a las víctimas dependería de la capacidad de estos profesionales para reconocer, comprender y responder a situaciones violentas(AU)


Introduction: Specific competences, also called technical or specialized, have to do with what is specific to certain occupations. They refer to those related to the disciplinary, training and expertise area of the participant. They are the particular basis of professional practice and are linked to specific performance conditions. Objective: To determine the specific competences of the family and community medicine specialist to deal with violent behavior. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out during the first semester of 2020. A group work was developed with key informants who provided specialized care to victims of violent situations in the Community Center for Mental Health of Playa Municipality, Havana, Cuba. Different group techniques were applied, with a special interest in brainstorming and writing of ideas, which, together with the experience and knowledge of each participant, favored the achievement of the proposed objective. Results: As the main theoretical contribution, a set of competences was determined that allowed the specialist in family and community medicine to face violent behaviors, oriented essentially to the prevention and early identification of this complex health concern. Conclusions: It was pertinent to determine a system of competences, in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes, that would allow the specialist in family and community medicine to face violent behavior; upon considering that assistance to victims would depend on the professionals' ability to recognize, understand and respond to violent situations(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Preventive Health Services/methods , Behavior , Attitude , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , General Practice
4.
Rev. cub. inf. cienc. salud ; 32(2): e1677, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341369

ABSTRACT

La falta de cultura preventiva y un diagnóstico precoz oportuno representan dos de los factores más importantes a considerar en la prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles a nivel mundial, por lo que la tecnología móvil constituye una alternativa que bien puede ser utilizada en la medicina preventiva. En este sentido, el presente artículo tuvo como objetivo validar una aplicación tecnológica que permita realizar el diagnóstico de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, utilizando el dispositivo móvil. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, que utilizó la encuesta como técnica y el cuestionario como instrumento para la recolección de la información en una muestra de 60 personas mayores de 18 años, todos usuarios de la red social Facebook, quienes seguían la página https://es-la.facebook.com/DrLuisPacoraCamargo/. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron demostrar que el 57,1 por ciento de los encuestados presentaba edades comprendidas entre los 21 y 40 años de edad, de los cuales el 88,3 por ciento reportó que utilizaba internet diariamente; el 53,3 por ciento respondió que utilizaba sus dispositivos frecuentemente para comunicarse a través de las redes sociales; el 53,4 por ciento de los encuestados había descargado un aplicativo relacionado con la salud y, finalmente, el 82,8 por ciento de las personas respondió tener conocimiento del término de medicina preventiva y, que de tener información en sus dispositivos móviles, la utilizaría con frecuencia. En conclusión, el diseño e implementación de un servicio de salud a través de los dispositivos móviles, como el CHECKEATE, es viable en un mercado joven, potencialmente interesado en temas de salud preventiva(AU)


Lack of a preventive culture and of timely early diagnosis are two of the most important factors to be considered in the prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases worldwide. Mobile technology is therefore an alternative which could very well be used in preventive medicine. The purpose of the study was to validate a technological application for the diagnosis of chronic non-communicable diseases using a mobile device. A descriptive study was conducted based on the survey as technique and the questionnaire as data collection tool. The sample was 60 people aged over 18 years, all of them users of the social network Facebook, who follow the webpage https://es-la.facebook.com/DrLuisPacoraCamargo/. Results show that 57.1 percent of the respondents were aged 21-40 years; 88.3 percent reported using the Internet daily; 53.3 percent that they used their devices frequently for communication through social networks; 53.4 percent had downloaded a health-related application, and 82.8 percent were familiar with the term "preventive medicine" and would used it more frequently if they had more information on their mobile devices. In conclusion, design and implementation of a health service through mobile devices, as is the case with CHECKEATE, would be viable in a young market potentially interested in preventive health topics(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Preventive Health Services/methods , Preventive Medicine/methods , Data Collection , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cell Phone/trends , Early Diagnosis , Social Networking , Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control , Epidemiology, Descriptive
5.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 91(4): 605-613, ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138678

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Describir la oferta programática en primera infancia destinada a favorecer el desarrollo infantil integral en Chile. MÉTODO: Se realizó una revisión exploratoria siguiendo el marco método lógico del Joanna Briggs Institute. La búsqueda fue realizada por un investigador y los criterios de inclusión fueron: programas gubernamentales destinados al desarrollo integral en menores de 5 años en Chile. Los datos fueron organizados y sintetizados para describir características del programa y de la o las prestaciones que entrega. RESULTADOS: La búsqueda identificó 2060 documentos y 72 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se describen 59 programas vigentes que abarcan la primera infancia, es tando principalmente a cargo de los Ministerio de Justicia, Educación, Salud y Desarrollo Social. Los programas están destinados en su mayoría a la promoción e intervención, se encuentran focalizados en población vulnerable, son intersectoriales y utilizan diversas estrategias para su implementación. CONCLUSIÓN: La oferta programática en Chile para la primera infancia presenta características sugeridas como efectivas para favorecer el desarrollo infantil.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the program offering designed to promote comprehensive early childhood de velopment in Chile. METHOD: A scoping review was carried out following the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodological framework. A researcher conducted the review considering as inclusion criteria go vernment programs aimed at the comprehensive development of children under 5 years of age in Chile. The data were organized and synthesized to describe the characteristics of the program and the service(s) it provides. RESULTS: The search identified 2.060 documents and 72 met the inclusion crite ria. 59 current programs are covering early childhood, which are mainly managed by the Ministries of Justice, Education, Health, and Social Development. Most of the programs are aimed at promotion and intervention, focusing on vulnerable populations, are cross-sectoral, and use different strategies for their implementation. CONCLUSION: The program offering in Chile for early childhood has charac teristics suggested as effective to promote child development.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Preventive Health Services/methods , Preventive Health Services/organization & administration , Preventive Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Child Development , Child Health Services/organization & administration , Child Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Child Welfare , Child Health , Government Programs/methods , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Promotion/methods , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Health Promotion/statistics & numerical data , Program Evaluation , Chile , Early Intervention, Educational/methods , Early Intervention, Educational/organization & administration , Early Intervention, Educational/statistics & numerical data , Vulnerable Populations
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 53(3): e9614, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089341

ABSTRACT

The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rapidly increasing with a projection of becoming the 5th most common cause of years of life lost globally by 2040. CKD is a major cause of catastrophic health expenditure. The costs of dialysis and transplantation consume up to 3% of the annual healthcare budget in high-income countries. However, the onset and progression of CKD is often preventable. In 2020, the World Kidney Day campaign highlights the importance of preventive interventions - be it primary, secondary, or tertiary. This article focuses on outlining and analyzing measures that can be implemented in every country to promote and advance CKD prevention. Primary prevention of kidney disease should focus on the modification of risk factors and addressing structural abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tracts, as well as exposure to environmental risk factors and nephrotoxins. In persons with pre-existing kidney disease, secondary prevention, including blood pressure optimization and glycemic control, should be the main goal of education and clinical interventions. In patients with advanced CKD, management of co-morbidities such as uremia and cardiovascular disease is a highly recommended preventative intervention to avoid or delay dialysis or kidney transplantation. Political efforts are needed to proliferate the preventive approach. While national policies and strategies for non-communicable diseases might be present in a country, specific policies directed toward education and awareness about CKD screening, management, and treatment are often lacking. Hence, there is an urgent need to increase the awareness of preventive measures throughout populations, professionals, and policy makers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Equity , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Global Burden of Disease , Health Services Accessibility , Preventive Health Services/methods , Mass Screening/economics , Risk Factors , Early Diagnosis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/prevention & control , Health Policy , Health Promotion
7.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 45(4)oct.-dic. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1508505

ABSTRACT

En 1986 se enunció el concepto de prevención cuaternaria. Su propuesta se realizó en 1995 y su aceptación fue en 1999. En el 2003 se incluyó en el Diccionario de medicina general y de familia de la Organización Mundial de Médicos de Familia. Los descriptores de ciencias de la salud lo registraron en el 2015. Sin embargo, a pesar del reconocimiento del concepto por organizaciones internacionales, en Cuba no ha sido muy difundido y se ha publicado muy poco en revistas nacionales sobre el tema. El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de describir los referentes teóricos relacionados con la prevención cuaternaria, a partir de la revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos referenciales a textos completos, índices y publicaciones periódicas académicas. P4 debe ser una actividad básica en medicina y en salud pública, que contribuye a la seguridad del paciente e intenta minimizar riesgos y evitar o limitar los daños innecesarios de la actividad sanitaria. Es un nuevo nombre para una vieja actividad médica(AU)


In 1986 it was stated the concept of quaternary prevention. Its proposal was made in 1995 and its approval was in 1999. In 2003, it was included in the Dictionary of general and family medicine of the World Organization of Family Physicians, and in 2015 it was registered in the descriptors of health sciences. However, despite the recognition of the concept by international organizations, in Cuba has not been very widespread and it has been very little published in national journals on the subject. The present work is aimed to describe the theoretical references related to the quaternary prevention, from the bibliographic review in referential databases to full texts, indexes, and periodic academic journals. Quaternary prevention should be a basic activity in medicine and public health, since it contributes to patient safety and tries to minimize risks and avoid or limit the unnecessary damage to the health activity. It is a new name for an old medical activity(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Preventive Health Services/methods , Social Medicine , Public Health , Quaternary Prevention , Cuba
8.
São Paulo med. j ; 137(supl): 2-7, May-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020968

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) 2017 Global Conference in Montevideo, Uruguay, was dedicated to promoting successful cases and best practices in fighting and preventing noncommunicable disease (NCDs). The global effort undertaken by WHO aims to reduce road traffic deaths in order to meet goal number 3.4 of the sustainable development goals. OBJECTIVES: To describe two Brazilian road safety prevention programs, presented at the WHO 2017 Global Conference: São Paulo Traffic Safety Movement (Movimento Paulista de Segurança no Trânsito) and Safe Life Program of Brasília (Programa Brasília Vida Segura), along with their governance structures, models and results. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a descriptive case study conducted in São Paulo and Brasilia from 2015 to 2018. These programs aimed to reduce the number of deaths caused by road accidents to 8.3 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in São Paulo by 2020 and in Brasília by 2016; and to reduce harmful use of alcohol by 10% by 2020. METHODS: These two initiatives were designed, managed and operated to bring together government and civil society, i.e. industry, academia, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), etc., around the common goal of saving lives. They were collaborative and guided by sharing of best practices, learning and information, thereby making it possible to attain more and better results. Their format enables reproduction in cities across all Brazilian regions. RESULTS: The results attest to the efficacy of the programs implemented in these two cities. In Brasília, the initiative helped reduce the number of traffic-related deaths by 35% (2017). In the same year in the state of São Paulo, 7,600 deaths were avoided. CONCLUSION: Both programs are innovative public policies that deal with health issues caused by the external agents that ultimately account for the rapid increase in days lost to disability. Prevention of external causes of deaths and injuries, such as traffic violence, strongly correlates with changes in habits and actions, especially excessive consumption of alcohol, and with NCDs in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Preventive Health Services/methods , Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control , Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control , Preventive Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/mortality , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Health Education/methods , Cities/statistics & numerical data , Efficiency, Organizational , Age Distribution , Public-Private Sector Partnerships/organization & administration , Noncommunicable Diseases/mortality
9.
Rev. inf. cient ; 98(1): 64-76, 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1016483

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el VIH/sida es una de las enfermedades que mayor repercusión social ha tenido y afecta a millones de personas. Objetivo: identificar la susceptibilidad y la autoeficacia de los profesionales de la salud de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (FEBUAP) frente al virus VIH/sida. Método: se trató de un estudio observacional descriptivo. Se incluyeron 250 alumnos y 50 docentes de la FEBUAP, con previa aceptación voluntaria y firma de consentimiento informado, seleccionados mediante una muestra por conveniencia. Se aplicó la Escala VIH/SIDA-65, instrumento con validez y confiabilidad demostrada para la evaluación de las subescalas del instrumento (alfa de Cronbach 0,79), propuesta por Paniagua en 1998 y adaptada al español por Bermúdez, Buela-Casal &Uribe en 2005. Resultados: con respecto a la autoeficacia, los alumnos demostraron superioridad. En la susceptibilidad, la creencia de la posibilidad de contraer el virus fue mayor en docentes (64 por ciento vs. 48 por ciento). La creencia de que solo homosexuales debieran preocuparse por el contagio fue mayor en docentes (92 por ciento). Se encontró una autoeficacia mayor en alumnos y una mejor susceptibilidad en docentes. Conclusiones: es necesario fortalecer estrategias que refuercen conceptos y comportamientos frente al VIH/sida(AU)


Introduction: HIV/AIDS is one of the diseases that has had the greatest social impact and affects millions of people. Objective: to identify the susceptibility and self-efficacy of the health professionals of the Faculty of Stomatology of the Benemérita Autonomous University of Puebla (FEBUAP) against the HIV / AIDS virus. Method: it was a descriptive observational study. 250 students and 50 FEBUAP teachers were included, with prior voluntary acceptance and signed informed consent, selected by means of a convenience sample. The HIV/AIDS-65 scale was applied, an instrument with proven validity and reliability for the evaluation of the subscales of the instrument (Cronbach alpha 0.79), proposed by Paniagua in 1998 and adapted to Spanish by Bermúdez, Buela-Casal & Uribe in 2005. Results: with respect to self-efficacy, the students demonstrated superiority. In the susceptibility, the belief of the possibility of contracting the virus was higher in teachers (64 percent vs. 48 percent). The belief that only homosexuals should worry about contagion was higher in teachers (92percent). We found a higher self-efficacy in students and a better susceptibility in teachers. Conclusions: it is necessary to strengthen strategies that reinforce concepts and behaviors against HIV / AIDS(AU)


Introdução: O HIV/AIDS é uma das doenças que mais impactou socialmente e afeta milhões de pessoas. Objetivo: identificar a suscetibilidade e autoeficácia dos profissionais de saúde da Faculdade de Estomatologia da Universidade Autônoma de Benemérita de Puebla (FEBUAP) contra o vírus HIV/AIDS. Método: foi um estudo observacional descritivo. Foram incluídos 250 alunos e 50 professores da FEBUAP, com prévia aceitação voluntária e termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, selecionados por meio de amostra de conveniência. escala VIH/SIDA-65 foi aplicado, e instrumento válido para avaliar a fiabilidade comprovada das subescalas do instrumento (alfa Cronbach 0,79), proposto pela Paniagua em 1998 e adaptadas para o español por Bermudez, Buela-Casal & Uribe em 2005. Resultados: com relação à autoeficácia, os estudantes demonstraram superioridade. Na suscetibilidade, a crença na possibilidade de contrair o vírus foi maior nos professores (64 por cento vs. 48 por cento). A crença de que apenas os homossexuais deveriam se preocupar com o contágio era maior nos professores (92%). Encontramos uma maior autoeficácia nos alunos e uma melhor susceptibilidade nos professores. Conclusões: é necessário fortalecer estratégias que reforcem conceitos e comportamentos contra o HIV/AIDS(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Preventive Health Services/methods , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , HIV , Self Efficacy , Observational Studies as Topic , Health Promotion
10.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 35(7): e00158818, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011708

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Iran. Since education to prevent the disease is important, this study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model on preventive behaviors of cutaneous leishmaniosis among housewives. In this quasi-experimental study, 240 housewives under the coverage of health centers, who lived in the endemic area of Mianshahr, Fasa city, Fars Province, Iran in 2016, were selected (120 people for the experimental group and 120 for the control group). The educational intervention for the experimental group was based on the PRECEDE model, which consists of seven 50-60-minute sessions of lectures, group discussions, role playing, practical displays, and video and PowerPoint displays. These sessions addressed the familiarity with cutaneous leishmaniasis and its different types and carriers, methods of preventing and fighting against it, personal protection, sanitation of the environment and drinking water, spraying of sites, use of mosquito nets, etc. Data were collected before educational intervention and three months after educational intervention. The mean age of the experimental group was 39.24±9.12 years and that of the control group was 38.84±9.28 years. Three months after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in knowledge, attitudes, reinforcing factors, enabling factors, and performance compared to the control group. The education based on enabling factors, reinforcing factors, and predisposing factors had a significant effect on the preventive behaviors of cutaneous leishmaniasis among housewives.


A leishmaniose cutânea é endêmica no Irã. Devido ao importante papel da educação na prevenção de doenças, o estudo buscou medir o efeito de uma intervenção educacional, com base no modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, sobre comportamentos preventivos contra a leishmaniose cutânea entre donas de casa iranianas. O estudo quasi-experimental incluiu 240 donas de casa matriculadas em centros de saúde em Mianshahr, na cidade de Fasa, uma área endêmica para leishmaniose cutânea no Irã. A amostra era constituída de 120 mulheres no grupo da intervenção e 120 no grupo controle. A intervenção educacional no grupo experimental teve como base o modelo PRECEDE, com sete sessões de 50-60 minutos cada, incluindo palestras, discussões em grupo, representação de papéis e atividades práticas, além de vídeos e apresentações em PowerPoint. As sessões destacaram a familiaridade com a leishmaniose cutânea e os diferentes tipos, vetores e reservatórios, métodos de prevenção e de combate à doença, proteção individual, saneamento ambiental e da água, borrifação de criadouros, uso de mosquiteiros, etc. Os dados foram coletados antes e três meses depois da intervenção educacional. A média de idade do grupo experimental foi 39,24±9,12 anos, comparada com 38,84±9,28 anos no grupo controle. Comparado ao grupo controle, três meses depois da intervenção o grupo experimental mostrou um aumento significativo no conhecimento, atitudes e fatores de reforço, facilitadores e de desempenho. A intervenção calcada nos fatores facilitadores, de reforço e predisponentes teve um efeito significativo sobre os comportamentos de prevenção da leishmaniose cutânea nesse grupo de mulheres iranianas.


La leishmaniasis es endémica en Irán. Debido a la importancia de la educación en la prevención de la enfermedad, este estudio tuvo con meta determinar el efecto de la intervención educacional, basada en el modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, sobre las conductas de prevención de la leishmaniasis cutánea entre amas de casa. En este estudio casi experimental, en 2016 se seleccionaron a 240 amas de casa dentro del ámbito de cobertura de centros de salud y residentes en el área endémica de Mianshahr, ciudad Fasa, provincia de Fars, Irán (120 personas se seleccionaron como grupo experimental y 120 como grupo de control). La intervención educacional para el grupo experimental se realizó basándose en el modelo PRECEDE, que consistió en siete sesiones de 50-60 minutos de clase, discusiones de grupo, ejercicios de dramatización y presentaciones prácticas, así como de vídeo y PowerPoint. Estas sesiones con amas de casa trataron sobre la familiaridad con la leishmaniasis cutánea y sus diferentes tipos, sus portadores, métodos de prevención y combate contra la leishmaniasis cutánea, protección personal, saneamiento del medioambiente y agua potable, fumigación de focos, uso de mosquiteras, etc. Los datos se recogieron antes de la intervención educacional y 3 meses después de la intervención educacional. La edad media del grupo experimental era 39,24±9,12años y la del grupo de control era 38,84±9,28 años. Tres meses después de la intervención, el grupo experimental mostró un incremento significativo en el conocimiento, actitud, factores de refuerzo, factores propiciatorios y de rendimiento, comparado con el grupo de control. La educación basada en los factores propiciatorios, factores de refuerzo y de predisposición tuvo un efecto significativo en los comportamientos preventivos de la leishmaniasis cutánea entre amas de casa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Preventive Health Services/methods , Family , Health Education/methods , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/prevention & control , Health Promotion/methods , Socioeconomic Factors , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/psychology , Self Report , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Middle Aged
11.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 38(4): 149-153, dic. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1022630

ABSTRACT

A partir de los trabajos asistenciales y comunitarios realizados por el equipo de salud del Centro de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria San Pantaleón en la comunidad de Bajo Boulogne a la que pertenece, y del intercambio con instituciones escolares y organizaciones barriales de la zona, detectamos la aparición de comportamientos poco saludables y riesgosos en los y las adolescentes de la comunidad. Dado que las intervenciones de educación para la salud en este grupo etario son fundamentales debido a que tienden a promover aspectos positivos en el desarrollo de los adolescentes, y favorecen su formación como multiplicadores de hábitos saludables, decidimos desarrollar un programa de educación para la salud en un colegio de la comunidad de Bajo Boulogne. (AU)


From the experience obtained in assistance and community work carried out by the health team at Family and Community Medicine Center (San Pantaleon) in the Bajo Boulogne community, and of the exchange with school institutions and community centers, we detected the appearance of unhealthy and risky behaviors in the adolescents of the community. The interventions in health education with teenagers are necessary because they promote positive aspects in teenager's development and allow their formation as health promoters. So that we decided to develop an education program for teenager's health at a school in the community of Bajo Boulogne. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Preventive Health Services/methods , School Health Services/organization & administration , Health Education/methods , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Adolescent Development , Preventive Health Services/trends , School Health Services/trends , Violence , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Health Education/organization & administration , Health Education/trends , Substance-Related Disorders , Sedentary Behavior , Healthy Lifestyle
12.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 34(4): e2318, oct.-dic. 2018.
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1126477

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Dada la necesidad de redimensionar el cuidado preventivo que se brinda por el profesional de enfermería que labora en el nivel Primario de Atención de Salud, se realizó una sistematización de las teorías que sustentan y legitiman el ejercicio de la profesión orientado a lo preventivo y proporcionan la mirada de enfermería para realizar y perfeccionar la práctica de cuidados orientados a la comunidad y la familia, mediante la descripción, predicción y control de los fenómenos que tienen lugar en cada acción de cuidado preventivo a la salud. Objetivo: Sistematizar los modelos de enfermería relacionados con el cuidado preventivo orientado a comunidad y la familia. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática, a través de búsqueda electrónica de artículos originales y de revisión en las bases de datos LILACS y SciELO, acerca del tema que se aborda, durante el mes de enero del 2017. En la estrategia de búsqueda, se utilizó como descriptores "teorías de enfermería", "cuidado a la familia" y "cuidado a la comunidad", conectados a través del operador booleano AND. Conclusiones: A partir de la comprensión del cuidado enfermero como actividad humana que va más allá de la enfermedad, se valoraron los principales elementos teóricos que sustentan el cuidado en la comunidad y al grupo familiar, como las relaciones interpersonales, la cultura, los cambios durante el ciclo vital, el enfoque preventivo y de familia, desde una visión integradora del proceso de cuidar que lo condicionan y favorecen(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: Given the need of re-dimensioning the preventive care that the primary health care nurse renders, a systematization of theories supporting and legitimizing the practice of profession oriented to prevention was made; these theories also provide the nursing judgment to carry out and improve the practice of care oriented to the community and the family through the description, prediction and control of phenomena occurring in each preventive health care action. Objective: To systematize the nursing models related to the community- and family-oriented preventive care. Methods: A systematic literature review was made through search of original and review articles in LILACS and SciELO databases about the topic in January 2017. The search strategy used keywords such as "nursing theories", "family care" and "community care" by means of AND Boolean operator. Conclusions: On the basis of the understanding of nursing care as a human activity going beyond disease, and from a comprehensive vision of the care process, this review assessed the main theoretical elements supporting care to the family and in the community such as interpersonal relationships, culture, changes during the life cycle, preventive approach and family approach, all of which condition and favor this process(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Preventive Health Services/methods , Primary Health Care/standards , Models, Nursing , Nursing Care/methods , Review Literature as Topic , Databases, Bibliographic
13.
Rev. salud pública ; 20(5): 618-622, oct.-nov. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004478

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar los efectos del plan gubernamental vida sana en marcadores metabólicos plasmáticos y capacidad física en mujeres sedentarias de Villa Alemana. Métodos Participaron 63 mujeres (41,2 ± 11,2 años) que fueron sometidas a 12 meses de intervención multi e inter-disciplinaria (médico, nutricionista, psicólogo(a) y profesor de educación física) (180 minutos de ejercicio por semana). En el análisis estadístico descriptivo se utilizaron la media y desviación estándar, la prueba T de muestras relacionadas se usó para determinar los efectos del programa, el nivel de significancia se estimó con un valor p<0,05. Resultados Se apreció una disminución en el colesterol total (p=0,003) y colesterol LDL (p=0,048), mejora en el test de 6 minutos (p=0,000) y número de sentadillas en treinta segundos (p=0,000) con un efecto positivo en el delta de recuperación de la frecuencia cardíaca (p=0,001). Conclusión La estrategia gubernamental produjo una disminución en el riesgo cardiovascular debido a una mejora en los marcadores metabólicos y capacidad física de las mujeres.(AU)


ABSTRACT Objective To determine the effects of the government's healthy living plan on metabolic markers and physical capacity in sedentary women from Villa Alemana, Chile. Materials and Methods 63 women who participated in the study (41.2±11.2 years) underwent 12 months of multi- and interdisciplinary intervention (doctor, nutritionist, psychologist and physical education teacher) of 180 minutes of physical activity per week. Mean and standard deviation were used for statistical analysis, while the t-test of related samples was used to determine the effects of the program. The level of significance was estimated with a value of p<0.05. Results There was a decrease in total cholesterol (p=0.003) and LDL cholesterol (p=0.048), improvement in the 6-minute test (p=0.000) and number of squats in thirty seconds (p=0.000) with a positive effect on delta recovery heart rate (p=0.001). Conclusions The government's strategy resulted in a decrease of cardiovascular risk due to improved metabolic markers and women's physical capacity.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Preventive Health Services/methods , Exercise Therapy/instrumentation , Sedentary Behavior , Government Programs/organization & administration , Chile
14.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 55(2): 1-10, abr.-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-960410

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la alta prevalencia de enfermedades bucales en los escolares, tiene un impacto importante en su salud, lo que ha generado la necesidad de desarrollar programas y estrategias a nivel de políticas públicas para su control. Objetivo: evaluar el Programa de Salud Bucal en alumnos de escuelas primarias mexicanas. Métodos: estudio de intervención comunitaria en dos escuelas primarias públicas de la Secretaria de Salud, en la Delegación de Tlalpan, Ciudad de México. Se incluyeron 111 alumnos de quinto grado de primaria, 53 pertenecientes a la escuela primaria pública del turno matutino Río Pánuco como grupo de intervención con aplicación del Programa de Salud Bucal (grupo de trabajo), y 58 correspondientes a la escuela Ignacio Rodríguez Galván, sin intervensión (grupo control). A todos los alumnos se les realizó determinación de los índices de dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados temporales, y permanentes, y el índice periodontal comunitario. Para el análisis estadístico inferencial se utilizó U de Mann-Whitney y chi cuadrado de Pearson, con nivel de significancia 0,05. Se empleó el programa estadístico SPSS versión 22. Resultados: el promedio de edad de los niños de la escuela con intervención fue de 10,9 y de la escuela control de 10,8. En el índice para dentición temporal, el promedio de dientes cariados fue de 0,49 (IC 95 por ciento 0,07-0,91) para la escuela que intervino en el programa, y de 1,10 (IC 95 por ciento 0,70-1,51) para escuela sin intervención, con diferencias estadísticas significativas (p= 0,003). En el índice periodontal comunitario, se obtuvo 92,4 por ciento de escolares sanos para la escuela que intervino en el programa, y de 70,68 por ciento para la escuela sin intervención, con diferencia estadística significativa (p= 0,003). Conclusiones: los resultados muestran que el programa es efectivo ya que la población intervenida presenta mejores condiciones de salud bucal que los escolares del grupo control, diferencia esta clínicamente relevante(AU)


Introduction: the high prevalence of oral disease among school children has a great impact on their health, hence the need to develop control programs and strategies at public policy level. Objective: evaluate the Oral Health Program for Mexican elementary school children. Methods: a community intervention study was conducted in two public elementary schools from the Ministry of Health in the borough of Tlalpan, Mexico City. The study sample was composed of 111 fifth grade students, 53 from Río Pánuco morning session public school as intervention group with application of the oral health program (work group), and 58 from Ignacio Rodríguez Galván school, without intervention (control group). All students were examined to determine the rate of decay, loss, temporary fillings and permanent teeth, and the community periodontal index. Inferential statistical analysis was based on Mann-Whitney U and Pearson's chi-square, with a significance level of 0.05. Data were processed with the statistical software SPSS version 22. Results: mean age was 10.9 at the intervention school and 10.8 at the control school. With respect to the primary dentition index, the average of decayed teeth was 0.49 (CI 95 percent 0.07-0.91) for the school with the intervention program, and 1.10 (CI 95 percent 0.70-1.51) for the school without intervention, with significant statistical differences (p= 0.003). As to the community periodontal index, 92.4 percent of the children were healthy at the school with the intervention program, and 70.68 percent were healthy at the school without intervention, with a significant statistical difference (p= 0.003). Conclusions: results show that the program is effective, since the school children intervened are in better oral health conditions than those in the control group, and the difference is clinically relevant(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Preventive Health Services/methods , School Health Services/trends , Health Promotion/standards , Mouth Diseases/epidemiology , Data Interpretation, Statistical
16.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 37(3): 87-92, Sept. 2017. ilus., graf., tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1087495

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el sedentarismo ha llegado para quedarse. Cualquier tipo de acción para combatirlo será de gran utilidad; solo bastará con conocer su eficacia y con que la gente se adhiera. Métodos: se ha realizado un estudio cuasi experimental antes-después no controlado, con 3 intervenciones aditivas sobre la población que concurre al Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (Hospital Universitario). Se comparó la proporción de personas que usaban la escalera mecánica con aquellas que subían por la escalera convencional, antes y después de las siguientes intervenciones: con autoadhesivos que anunciaban las calorías perdidas al subir cada escalón, luego se agregaron carteles acerca del beneficio de hacer actividad física y, por último, se entregaron folletos sobre los beneficios de hacer actividad física. Resultados: se realizaron 39 967 observaciones. Cada intervención significó un aumento de personas que subían por la escalera convencional (P < 0,001). Con la intervención de los autoadhesivos se produjo un incremento del 2,39% frente al basal (11,07% - 8,68%, p=0,001) de personas que subieron por la escalera convencional. La intervención autoadhesivos + cartel aumentó 2,33% (13,4% -11,07%, p=0,001) y la intervención autoadhesivos + cartel + folletos produjo un aumento del 1,09% (14,49%-13,4%, p=0,03). Interpretación: en este estudio se midió cuál era el beneficio de las intervenciones para promover que más gente utilizara la escalera convencional; cada una de ellas proveyó una mayor cantidad de personas que, adoptando una actitud más activa, subieron por la escalera convencional. Medidas sencillas y económicas muestran un gran cambio en promover la actividad física. (AU)


Background: The sedentary lifestyle has become predominant in our society. Any measures taken to fight it are useful, it's just necessary to know their effectiveness and get people to stick with them. Methods: we performed a quasi-experimental pre-post study testing three persistent interventions on the population that attends a university hospital. Its main entrance allows the access to different areas through stairs, escalators or an elevator. We took baseline data on the number of people who took the escalator or the stairs. Then we performed progressive interventions designed to promote the use of the stairs. First, we used stickers placed on in each step that announced the amount of calories burned per step climbed. Then, we placed banners which informed the benefits of physical activity. Lastly, brochures were handed out with a list of benefits of doing physical activity. We quantified the number of people taking the stairs or the escalator with each intervention. Results: in eight weeks 39·967 observations were performed. Each intervention found an increase in the number of people that decided to take the stairs. At baseline, 880 people used the escalator and 9264 people took the stairs. With the first intervention, i.e. the use of stickers on the steps, there was an increase of 2·39% in the number of people that took the stairs compared to baseline data (from 8·68% to 11·07%, p=0.001). With the second intervention, i.e. stickers plus physical activity promotion banners, there was an additional increase of 2·33% (from 11·07% to 13·40%, p=0.001) in the proportion of people taking the stairs. Finally, the intervention of stickers in addition to the banners and brochures about benefits of physical activity, was associated with an increase of 1·09% (from 13·40% to 14·49%, p=0.03). Discussion: in this study we aimed to measure the benefits of multiple interventions to promote physical activity in a university hospital setting. Each intervention was associated with a larger number of people that decided to take the stairs instead of taking the escalator or the elevator. The interventions were simple, cheap and very effective to promote change independently from gender, age or health conditions. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Communication/methods , Health Promotion/statistics & numerical data , Osteoporosis/prevention & control , Pamphlets , Argentina/epidemiology , Preventive Health Services/methods , Preventive Health Services/supply & distribution , Preventive Health Services/trends , Preventive Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Exercise , Depression/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Elevators and Escalators/statistics & numerical data , Sedentary Behavior , Healthy Lifestyle , Stair Climbing , Health Promotion/methods , Health Promotion/supply & distribution , Health Promotion/trends , Hospitals, University , Motor Activity , Obesity/prevention & control
20.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 32(10): e00012316, Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-797006

ABSTRACT

Abstract: This article contends that the distinction between clinical care (illness) and prevention of future disease is essential to the practice of quaternary prevention. The authors argue that the ongoing entanglement of clinical care and prevention transforms healthy into "sick" people through changes in disease classification criteria and/or cut-off points for defining high-risk states. This diverts health care resources away from those in need of care and increases the risk of iatrogenic harm in healthy people. The distinction in focus is based on: (a) management of uncertainty (more flexible when caring for ill persons); (b) guarantee of benefit (required only in prevention); (c) harm tolerance (nil or minimal in prevention). This implies attitudinal differences in the decision-making process: greater skepticism, scientism and resistance towards preventive action. These should be based on high-quality scientific evidence of end-outcomes that displays a net positive harm/benefit ratio.


Resumo: O artigo propõe que a distinção entre os cuidados clínicos (para a doença atual) e a prevenção de doenças futuras é essencial para a prática da prevenção quaternária. Os autores argumentam que uma confusão persistente vem transformando pessoas saudáveis em "doentes" através de mudanças nos critérios de classificação de doenças e/ou de pontos de corte para definir estados de risco elevado. Isso desvia os recursos para atenção em saúde dos mais necessitados e aumenta o risco de dano iatrogênico a pessoas saudáveis. A distinção se baseia em: (a) o manejo da incerteza (mais flexível no cuidado de doentes); (b) a garantia de benefício (exigida apenas no caso da prevenção) e (c) tolerância para o dano (nula ou mínima na prevenção). Isso implica em diferenças de atitude no processo decisório: maior ceticismo, cientificismo e resistência em relação à ação preventiva. Tais aspectos devem ser embasados em evidências científicas de alta qualidade em relação aos desfechos, e que apresentem correlação positiva entre dano e benefício.


Resumen: Este artículo sostiene que la distinción entre el cuidado médico (enfermedad) y la prevención de futuras enfermedades es esencial para la práctica de la prevención cuaternaria. Los autores discuten que el conflicto en curso entre los cuidados médicos y la prevención transforma las personas sanas en enfermas, debido a los cambios en los criterios de clasificación y/o puntos de corte para definir situaciones de alto riesgo. Esto produce una desviación de los recursos sanitarios de quienes necesitan realmente el cuidado médico, e incrementa el riesgo de daño iatrogénico en personas sanas. Esta distinción está basada en: (a) gestión de la incertidumbre (más flexible cuando se cuida de personas enfermas); (b) garantía de beneficio (requerida sólo en prevención); (c) tolerancia al daño (nula o mínima en prevención). Esto implica diferencias actitudinales en el proceso de toma de decisiones: gran escepticismo, cientificismo y resistencia a la acción preventiva. Estos aspectos deberían estar basados en evidencia científica de alta calidad sobre los resultados finales que muestren una razón positiva entre daño y beneficio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Preventive Health Services/methods , Practice Patterns, Physicians'
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